Modal Verbs And Their Meaning

What are modal verbs?

Modals (also called modal verbs, modal auxiliary verbs, modal auxiliaries) are special verbs which behave irregularly in English. They are different from normal verbs like "work, play, visit..." They are used to indicate modality. They give additional information about the function of the main verb that follows it. They have a great variety of communicative functions.

Use of modal verbs:

Modal verbs are used to express functions such as:

1. Permission
2. Ability
3. Obligation
4. Prohibition
5. Lack of necessity
6. Advice
7. possibility
8. probability

Remember

Modal verbs are followed by an infinitive without "to"

Examples:

• You must stop when the traffic lights turn red
• You should see to the doctor
• There are a lot of tomatoes in the fridge. You need not buy any.

Exception:

• You ought to go to the doctor

A list of modals

Here is a list of modals:

Modal Verb	Meaning	Expressing	Example
must	to have to	100 % obligation	I must stop when the traffic lights turn red.
	to be very probable	logical conclusion (deduction)	He must be very tired after such enormous work
must not	not to be allowed to	prohibition	You must not smoke in the hospital.
can	to be able to	ability	I can swim
	to be allowed to	permission	Can I use your phone please?
	it is possible	possibility	Smoking can cause cancer !
could	to be able to	ability in the past	When I was younger I could stay up all night and not get tired..
	to be allowed to	more polite permission	Excuse me, could I just say something?
	it is possible	possibility	It could rain tomorrow!
may	to be allowed to	permission	May I use your phone please?
	it is possible, probable	possibility, probability	It may rain tomorrow!
might	to be allowed to	more polite permission	Might I use your phone please?
	it is possible, probable	weak possibility, probability	I might come and visit you in America next year, if I can save enough money.
need	necessary	necessity	Need I say more?
need not	not necessary	lack of necessity/absence of obligation	I need not buy any tomatoes. There are plenty in the fridge.
should/ought to	used to say or ask what is the correct or best thing to do	50 % obligation	I should / ought to see a doctor. I have a terrible headache.
	to suggest an action or to show that it is necessary	advice	You should / ought to revise your lessons
	to be very probable	logical conclusion (deduction)	He should / ought to be very tired after such enormous work
had better	to suggest an action or to show that it is necessary	advice	You 'd better revise your lessons

source:  http://www.myenglishpages.com/site_php_files/grammar-lesson-modals.php#.UnZHNVPiKq0

tugas softskill; pembelajaran bahasa inggris berbantuan komputer; conditional if

example of formal letter

order letter

Fashion  Inc
JL. Dr. Kalkun Raya

   Jakarta, Indonesia

May 27,2013

Edelwize Butique
Gotta, 2rd Floor

Jakarta, Indonesia

Dear Sir or Madam,

As per our discussions on March 28, 2013 we are pleased to place an order for 3 lussin of t-shirt on the following terms and conditions:

•     The cost of each t-shirt will be Rp. 45.000/piece (exclude tax)

•     Delivery will be done within 3-4 days from the order date

•     Damage items in transit are not the responsibility of Mozza Butique

•     If the order is not delivered as per the above terms and conditions, the order stands cancelled and money can back 100%

We shall appreciate your shipping that albums immediately to our office in JL. Dr Kalkun Raya

Jakarta, Indonesia. Payment we will made with transfer banking to your account on May 31 2013.



Hoping to have a good relationship with you.

Best regards,

Meigiana

Trya Meigiana

example of formal letter

 invitation letter

GLOBAL POWER™

P.O. Box 2031-00100, Jakarta Indonesia

Tel: +887 19 771 3488, 80 200 8820

Email: info@globalpowergroup.co.id

URL: www.globalpowergroup.co.id

June 30, 2013

Mrs. Viviane Knox

23 Paw street

Jakarta, Indonesia

Dear Mrs.

RE: Your application for the position of Supplies Officer

We acknowledge receipt of your application for the position of Supplies officer in our company.

This communication is to invite you to the interview session that will be held on Monday, 12th August, 2013 at our main office, southgate centre, Jakarta, Indonesia.

The interviews will start at 9:00 am

Please come with your original certificates

Sincerely

Meigiana

Trya Meigiana

Supplies Manager,

Global Power™

example of formal letter

Complaining Letter

Trya Meigiana

22 Paw Street

Cambridge

Tel: 416-223-8900

May  7th, 2013

Mr. Jared Pitt

Global Zip Electronics

5 Drew avenue

Cambridge

Dear Mr. Pitt

On may 2nd, 2013 I purchased a Juicer Mixer Grinder with a serial no. 1667763 and product model no D4309 from one of your outlets for the amount of $145 .

Unfortunately, the Juicer Mixer Grinder has not performed well because the grinder blades are blunt and while running the mixer, the mixer becomes very hot in few seconds. To resolve the problem, I would appreciate replace­ment. Enclosed are copies of my records no is 25532

I look forward to your reply and resolution of my problem. I will wait until May 8th, 2013 before contacting my At­torney General. Please contact me at the above address or telephone number.

Thank You,

Sincerely,

Meigiana

Trya Meigiana

Encl: 1. Copy of the Bill

example of Formal Letter

MEMO

To                    :  Trya Meigiana

From                :  Will Theroux

   Public Relation Manager

Subject             :  Press Conference of the Concert

Date                 :  May 21st, 2013

             Please attend the preps conference at Pacific Place, Jakarta on Thursday, may 24st. 2013 at 11 a.m. On behalf of the choreographer team. Cover everything you need for the conference by yourself